The Security implications of Quantum Computing for Encryption Policy

ABSTRACT
One of the most significant and emerging technological advancements in the 21st century is “quantum computing”. It has the potential to disrupt encryption and cyber security systems all across the world. Pertinently, cryptographic methods available as of now such as Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), RSA and the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol place reliance on mathematical problems which are computationally infeasible for traditional computers but which may be solved by the quantum computers efficiently using principle such as entanglement and superposition. The paper examines the impact of “quantum computing” on the existing framework of encryption and seek to evaluate whether the current domestic and international legal regime are adequate to address the emerging cyber security risks revolving around quantum computing. It also seeks to analyze the transition towards post quantum cryptography, specifically referencing the standard developed by NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology. By using a comparative and doctrine research methodology, the paper categorizes significant policy and regulatory gaps, with a special focus on existing encryption framework in India. It reaches the conclusion that policy makers and government must seek adoption of proactive technological and legal measures for addressing the emerging risks concerning quantum computing.